The liver is one of the most vital organs in the human body, responsible for filtering toxins, aiding digestion, and regulating chemical levels in the blood. However, many people fail to recognize early signs of liver damage until it becomes severe or life-threatening. Medical experts are now urging the public to become more aware of the subtle and not-so-subtle symptoms of liver distress.
According to health professionals, liver damage can result from various causes including excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis (B and C), obesity, drug abuse, or even certain medications taken over a long period.
Here are some common signs that may indicate liver damage:
1. Persistent Fatigue and Weakness
Chronic tiredness not relieved by rest can be one of the first signs of liver dysfunction. The liver plays a role in converting food into energy, and damage to it may result in constant fatigue.
2. Yellowing of the Skin and Eyes (Jaundice)
Jaundice is perhaps the most recognizable symptom of liver trouble. It results from a buildup of bilirubin in the blood, which the liver typically processes and eliminates.
3. Abdominal Pain and Swelling
Pain or swelling in the upper right portion of the abdomen could suggest liver inflammation. This may be accompanied by a feeling of fullness or bloating.
4. Dark Urine and Pale Stool
Urine that is darker than usual and stool that is pale or clay-colored may reflect problems with bile production or flow — both of which are linked to liver health.
5. Unexplained Weight Loss or Appetite Changes
Sudden weight loss, nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite can point to underlying liver issues, especially when not related to dietary or lifestyle changes.
6. Swelling in the Legs and Ankles (Edema)
Liver damage can disrupt the body’s ability to produce proteins that regulate fluid balance, causing fluid to pool in the lower extremities.
7. Easy Bruising or Bleeding
The liver helps produce proteins that aid blood clotting. A damaged liver may result in frequent bruises or prolonged bleeding from minor injuries.
8. Itchy Skin
Persistent itching, particularly without a rash, can be a symptom of bile salt buildup under the skin — a potential sign of liver trouble.
9. Mental Confusion or Forgetfulness (Hepatic Encephalopathy)
When the liver fails to filter toxins effectively, those toxins can reach the brain, leading to confusion, difficulty concentrating, and even personality changes.
Dr. Ifeoma Nwachukwu, a hepatologist at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, warned that “many patients ignore early warning signs and present only when liver function is critically impaired. Early detection can be life-saving.”
She urged Nigerians to go for regular health check-ups and liver function tests, especially those at risk due to lifestyle, medication use, or family history of liver disease.
To maintain liver health, doctors recommend a balanced diet, reduced alcohol consumption, regular exercise, vaccination against hepatitis, and cautious use of over-the-counter medications.
“Your liver is silently working for you every day. Pay attention when it starts sending distress signals,” Dr. Nwachukwu advised.
